Romania Tax ID Number (TIN) Guide

In Romania, the Tax Identification Number (TIN) is essential for individuals, businesses, and entities to comply with the country’s tax regulations. This unique identifier is critical for conducting various tax-related activities, such as income tax reporting, VAT registration, and social security contributions. Having the correct TIN ensures smooth operations and compliance with Romanian law. All the information provided in this article is thoroughly verified from official sources to guarantee its accuracy.

1. Tax Identification Number Types

In Romania, the Tax Identification Number (TIN) is utilized by individuals, businesses, and entities for tax purposes. Below are the types of TINs issued in Romania:

1.1 Types of TIN in Romania:

CNP (Codul Numeric Personal):
- Applicable to: Individuals (Citizens and Residents).
- The CNP is the personal identification number for individuals in Romania. It is used for tax and social security purposes.
- Issued by: The Romanian Ministry of Internal Affairs.
CUI (Codul Unic de Înregistrare):
- Applicable to: Businesses, legal entities, and self-employed professionals.
- The CUI is the tax identification number for businesses, corporations, and other legal entities operating in Romania.
- Issued by: The National Trade Register Office (Oficiul Național al Registrului Comerțului, ONRC).
VAT Number (Numărul de Înregistrare în scopuri de TVA):
- Applicable to: Businesses registered for VAT.
- The VAT number is derived from the CUI for businesses that are registered for VAT purposes. It is used for all VAT-related transactions.
- Issued by: The National Agency for Fiscal Administration (ANAF).

1.2 Applicability:

Individuals: The CNP is used for all personal tax and social security matters in Romania.
Businesses and Entities: The CUI is assigned to all businesses and legal entities, while VAT registration requires an additional VAT number, which is essentially the CUI prefixed with the RO country code.

2. TIN Format and Structure

Each type of TIN in Romania follows a specific format. Below are the detailed formats for the CNP, CUI, and VAT number:

2.1 Format of TIN Types:

CNP (Codul Numeric Personal):
- Format: The CNP consists of 13 digits.
  - Example: 1900101223457
  - Structure:
    - First digit: Gender identifier (1-2 for males, 3-4 for females).
    - Digits 2-7: Date of birth in the format (YYMMDD).
    - Digits 8-10: County code.
    - Digits 11-12: Serial number.
    - Digit 13: A checksum digit used for validation.
CUI (Codul Unic de Înregistrare):
- Format: The CUI consists of 10 digits.
  - Example: 1234567890
  - Structure:
    - First digit: Indicates the entity type (e.g., 1-5 for companies, 7 for non-profits).
    - Digits 2-9: A unique identifier assigned to the business or entity.
    - Digit 10: A checksum digit for validation.
VAT Number:
- Format: The VAT number in Romania is the CUI prefixed with the RO country code.
  - Example: RO1234567890
  - Structure:
    - RO: Country code for Romania.
    - Digits 1-10: The CUI number assigned to the business.

3. Issuing Authority and Registration Process

The Romanian Tax Authority (ANAF) and the National Trade Register Office (ONRC) are responsible for issuing TINs in Romania. Below is a step-by-step guide for the TIN registration process:

3.1 Issuing Authorities:

National Agency for Fiscal Administration (ANAF): Responsible for the issuance of VAT numbers and CUI for businesses.
National Trade Register Office (ONRC): Responsible for the issuance of CUI for companies and entities.
Ministry of Internal Affairs: Responsible for issuing the CNP for individuals.

3.2 Registration Process for Individuals (CNP):

Eligibility: All Romanian citizens and residents need a CNP for personal tax and social security registration.
Documents Required:
- Romanian citizens: National ID or birth certificate.
- Foreign residents: Passport and proof of residence.
Application Process:
- Online: Individuals can apply for the CNP through the Ministry of Internal Affairs website.
- In-person: Individuals can apply at the local registry office (Serviciul Public Comunitar de Evidență a Persoanelor).
Fees: No fee for obtaining the CNP.

3.3 Registration Process for Businesses (CUI and VAT):

Eligibility: Businesses must register for a CUI when they are established in Romania. If they plan to conduct VAT-related activities, they must also register for a VAT number.
Documents Required:
- Proof of business registration.
- Identification of the business owner or legal representative.
- Proof of the business address.
Application Process:
- Online: The CUI and VAT numbers can be obtained through the ANAF website and the ONRC website.
- In-person: Businesses can visit the National Trade Register Office or the ANAF office to register.
Fees: Fees are generally minimal for business registration.

4. TIN Verification and Lookup

Individuals and businesses can verify their CNP, CUI, and VAT numbers using official online tools provided by the Romanian Tax Authority.

Verification Tools:

ANAF offers an online tool to verify VAT numbers:

ONRC provides a tool to verify business registration and CUI numbers

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5. TIN and VAT Number Connection

In Romania, the VAT number is directly linked to the CUI. The CUI serves as the primary business identification number, and for VAT-registered businesses, the CUI is prefixed with RO to form the VAT number.

VAT Number Format:

Format: RO1234567890 (Where 1234567890 is the CUI number).
The VAT number is used for all VAT-related transactions in Romania, including intra-community trade within the EU.

6.Why Accurate TIN Validation Matters

Ensuring the accuracy of your TIN is critical for both businesses and individuals in Romania. An incorrect or unverified TIN can lead to serious complications such as:

Delays in tax processing

Rejection of tax exemption claims

Fines and penalties for non-compliance

Rejection of e-invoicing submissions

Onboarding unqualified suppliers or customers

Data quality issues across finance and compliance systems

Using the Romanian Tax Authority portal or TaxDo real-time global tax ID verification platform ensures accurate Tax ID validation, error reduction, and full compliance with Romanian tax laws.

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