Introduction
In France, the Tax Identification Number (TIN), known as the “numéro fiscal de référence” or “numéro SPI,” is a unique identifier assigned to individuals and entities for tax purposes. Possessing the correct TIN is essential for ensuring compliance with French tax regulations for individuals, businesses, and other entities. All information provided in this guide is verified from official tax authority websites and trusted government sources.
Tax Identification Number Types
In France, the primary TINs are:
- Numéro d’Identification Fiscale (NIF): Applicable to individuals for tax-related identification.
- Numéro SIREN: A unique nine-digit number assigned to businesses and legal entities for identification.
- Numéro SIRET: A 14-digit number that includes the SIREN and a five-digit establishment identifier, used to identify specific locations of a business.
TIN Format and Structure
- Numéro d’Identification Fiscale (NIF):
- Format: 13 digits in the format 99 99 999 999 999.
- Structure:
- First Digit: Always 0, 1, 2, or 3.
- Middle Section: Sequential numbers unique to the individual.
- Last Section: Control digits for validation.
- Numéro SIREN:
- Format: Nine digits.
- Structure: Unique identifier for the business entity.
- Numéro SIRET:
- Format: 14 digits.
- Structure:
- First Nine Digits: SIREN number.
- Last Five Digits: Establishment identifier.
Issuing Authority and Registration Process
The Direction Générale des Finances Publiques (DGFiP) is the official tax authority responsible for issuing TINs in France. Official website: impots.gouv.fr.
For Individuals:
- Eligibility: All residents with tax obligations in France.
- Documents Required: Identification documents (e.g., passport, national ID).
- Application Process:
- Automatic Issuance: Typically assigned upon first tax return or tax payment obligation.
- If Not Assigned: Contact the local tax office or use the online contact form.
- Fees: None.
For Businesses:
- Eligibility: All businesses operating in France.
- Documents Required: Business registration documents.
- Application Process:
- SIREN and SIRET Numbers: Assigned during the business registration process with the relevant authorities.
- Fees: Varies based on business registration requirements.
TIN Verification and Lookup
To verify a French TIN:
- Individuals: Access your personal tax account via impots.gouv.fr, where your TIN is displayed.
- Businesses: Use the European Commission’s VIES system to validate VAT numbers: VIES VAT Number Validation.
TIN and VAT Number Connection
In France, the VAT number (numéro de TVA intracommunautaire) is connected to the SIREN number:
- Format: ‘FR’ + 2-digit computer key + 9-digit SIREN number.
- Example: FR12 345678901.
Importance of Accurate TIN Validation
Accurate TIN validation is crucial for:
- Ensuring Compliance: Avoids legal issues and penalties associated with incorrect tax filings.
- Facilitating Transactions: Essential for seamless business operations and financial transactions.
- International Operations: Ensures smooth cross-border activities within the EU and globally.